Library

This book revisits the discussion about the emergence of science in Islamic civilization by referring to its origins. It reviews the scientific sources that were the basis of this heritage in the first place and the historical sources that played a role in explaining its emergence, in contrast to the popular classic narrative that attributes the emergence of this heritage to translation-during the Abbasid era- from ancient civilizations, especially the Greek. It concludes that the pillars of this heritage had been established during the Umayyad period, especially during the succession of Abdul Malik bin Marwan, which sponsored the Arabization of all states & institutions.